Directions of the territorial development are defined by the Program of social and economic development of the Republic of Buryatia and include the main directions of development of the economy of some municipal formations of the republic in the system of common structural and branch plans of the development of economy of the region.
The main purpose of the territorial policy is the optimization of accommodation of productive forces of the republic, basing on the fact, that as the ground of stimulation the development of manufacture on the territory of the republic the most acceptable for economic system of the region is the use of potential of local territories. This potential includes both natural and manpower, and the resources of location connected to the position of territories in relation to other regions and potential commodity markets.
The system of problems of territorial policy is defined by the common aim ? support of growth of standard living of the population on the basis of the balanced social and economic development.
The First one from the tasks is smoothing of distinctions between the centre and peripheral districts on the basis of the development of interbranch relations. Thus, the priority should be given to branches, which can be the basis for creation of the completed production cycles or food chains - from the resource through processing to the final user. In the Republic of Buryatia the largest opportunity for construction and development of such interterritorial cycles or chains represent the branches: wood, building materials, food and mining ones.
The second task is diversification of industrial structure of the region for the account of deepening of processing of raw materials in the republic and involving new kinds of resources in the turnover. This task is actual for local territories with the monostructural economy, i.e. possessing one basic enterprise, and also for areas with significant natural and resource potential.
The third task is the realization of a special regime of wildlife management under the conditions of stimulation of economic growth. The urgency of this task is caused by presence of restrictions of anthropogenous loading on the environment which define special conditions of formation of industrial structures in the zone of its influence. The development of economic complexes of the territory should take place basing on more modern technological ground correspondent to principles of steady development, i.e. minimizing the destructive influence on the components of the natural environment and including the system of the actions promoting their restoration.
Realization of these tasks assumes the following directions in the territorial accommodation of different manufactures.
On one hand, its basis is further development of the central zone of the republic concentrating the basic share of industrial potential on the basis of intensification of manufacture, development of processing branches, sphere of services, widening of the consumer market, on the other hand, it is promotion of productive forces from the central part to the remote districts of the republic. The potential of development of the central areas consists of expansion of interterritorial relations, involving resources of peripheral parts of the territory into the economic circulation This zone is a nucleus of economic system of the region and it is to play the role of the catalyst of the development of surrounding territories. Its internal development is caused by the saved industrial and labour potential and the concentration in the centre more than half of solvent consumer demands of the republic.
Hi-tech manufactures of the Central economic region can be connected, firstly, with information sphere, including communications. Presence of wide system of professional training in information technologies on the background of high educational level of the population can give an additional pulse for qualitative changes in technological maintenance of industrial sphere of the city and the republic. Modern communications will be that system of channels, which will provide the use of these technologies in the remote territories of the region.
Another sphere of use of high technologies is machine-building. The branch leader in this respect remains the Ulan-Udensky aviation factory, however, its development will depend appreciably on external factors. Besides, such enterprises in the whole have the limited effect of complexing manufactures and development on the territory of adjacent and auxiliary manufactures.
The potential of development of the economy in the central part is in broadening and improving manufactures focused on satisfaction of consumer demands. The leader in this respect is the food-processing industry. It should stimulate development of agricultural production in surrounding territories. The main direction is the foundation of interregional raw-material base of production of cattle-farming. The potential of the food-processing industry as the consumer of agricultural raw material is sufficient for development of an extensive agricultural zone in southern, middle and eastern parts of the republic.
The mass building of dwelling houses in Ulan-Ude for middle classes of the population should give an impulse to the development of central and adjoining territories, in its turn, it should make active the development of the industry of building materials in Pribaykalsky and Central economic districts.
The development on the basis of wood branch is possible on the territories of Pribaykalsky (the Barguzinsky district), Central (the Zaigraevsky district), North-Eastern (the Khorinsky district) economic regions.
The development of the food-processing industry is connected with agricultural territories of the North-eastern economic region consisting of the Khorinsky, Kizhinginsky, Eravninsky districts and the South-eastern economic region including Tarbagataysky, ëukhorshibirsky and Bichursky districts, which are the basic manufacturers of grain crops in the republic. Cattle-breeding agricultural potential is also concentrated in Southern economic region (Dzhidinsky and Zakamensky districts). In addition to the development of agricultural complex, the perspectives of the Eravninsky, Zakamensky and Mukhorshibirsky districts are closely connected with extending of an existing mining industry and its diversification.
The development of agricultural and industrial complex (cattle-farming and fishing industry) is connected with the Pribaykalsky economic region (Kabansky, Pribaykalsky, Barguzinsky districts), where the perspective direction is the sphere of tourism, possessing the potential of formation of complex relations with food-processing industry.
Foundation of similar relations is also possible on the territory of recreational districts, Tunkinsky and Kurumkansky ones.
The use of mineral and raw potential of the republic is mainly connected to Northern economic region. It includes Severobaykalsky, Muysky, Bauntovsky districts, which are characterized by the industry focused on selective use of valuable mineral resources. In all three districts the extension of economic potential is possible on the basis of development of traditional branch - gold mining, under condition of realization of necessary volumes of financing of prospecting works. The Severobaykalsky district has an opportunity of realization of potential of mining manufacture on the inter-regional level on the basis of the Chulbonsky deposit of quartzites and the Kholodninsky deposit of kolchedan and polymetallic ores. The use of mineral and resource potential is also connected with the remote territories equal to regions of the Far North. In particular, this direction is connected with the development of ore deposits of gold in the Okinsky district.